CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF A HYBRID ELECTRIC DRONE AND COMPRESSED AIR by Isarts3d

Last crawled date: 3 years ago

01 -Conceptual design of an electric drone with compressed air
Introduction - There are currently several types of drones for many different purposes, particularly in the military field .
They are basically miniature helicopter typ, with propellers turning on the device. There are also those of quadricoptero type, with four propellers vertically, these being the most common , and even those who have a larger number of helices. There are also models of the miniature airplane type, used primarily in the military in border surveillance, etc. . These aircraft (image10) miniature are very useful and practical, resulting in significant savings and greater efficiency in certain areas, such as news footage, surveillance, holdings in inaccessible places, agriculture, scientific missions, policing.
The biggest problem is the misuse of them as they can cause a lot of damage in the hands of terrorists , drug dealers, criminals .
This is why we in many countries the use of these devices is controlled by legislation. Its use is restricted in most cases the use by government and military agencies.
My project (Image01, 02,03) - Still I decided to develop a project from a drone, but a different drone.
Instead of propellers causing thrust to fly the drone in my conceptual design I used compressed air.
After all , until now there is compressed air powered car, why not a drone, which is much smaller, would not work?
I have not seen, searching the internet, a drone powered by compressed air. Does that was once thought and that the conclusion that was reached is not feasible?
Even so, I took along my conceptual design of a drone powered by compressed air, produced by an electric motor in conjunction with a centrifugal pump, battery and a cylinder of compressed air.
Unlike current conventional way of propellers acting directly in the air, as seen in the drones circulating out there, both in quadricopteros hows minituarizados helicopters, this project compressed air is "tamed ", and thus, the system can use however you like, for the most varied applications, decreasing or increasing its intensity.
I believe that the compressed air is more efficient and give you more thrust than propellers acting directly in the air. With the compressed air pressure at an appropriate level inside the cylinder, the ship lift up the fligh.
So, instead of four or more electric motors used in today's drones, this project is used only one principal and another assistant.
02 - TAKING AS A MODEL EXISTING EQUIPMENT
For the engine, I suggested one of an electric bike. The centrifugal pump, model are those common ones. The battery, plus a fixed, also incorporated another removable. The compressed air cylinder, there is a great variety of them available on the market.
I made reference to these equipment to make my conceptual design .
Also on the issue of design, I did what my seemed easier. The redesign would be left to professionals in design, if my project will one day be built.
In my project does not see propellers and rotating blades. Only the shape of what looks like a flying saucer. This is due to the shape of the centrifugal pump, which is round.
Featured are what appear to be turbines, four vertically located at the bottom of the ship , and two horizontally located on the back of this , are actually nozzles output of compressed air.
In front of two headlights, and among them, a video camera, plus two speakers and two hearing aids.
At the top, a set of wings, front and back, giving stability to the appliance and also perform to make change direction, left, right, up or down operations, being in speed.
Provided that hover in the air, the four air nozzles fulfill the function of forward, backward, turn left or right, and even move laterally in both directions.
Landing of the ship, two landing gear located on the bottom of the ship .
3 - PROVISION OF HOUSING COMPONENTS IN DRONE ( Image05, 06 )
A centrifugal pump (03) is located in the housing (01) drone center, above the electric motor (04), and has a mouth that captures air upward, straight to the cover (02) from the housing.
The electric motor (04), in this case represented a model of an electric bike, and is powered by two batteries .
The fixed battery (05) is below the auxiliary motor bracket (08), connected to the power plant (07). It can be fueled by electricity through‚ battery charger (09). Also the removable battery (06) is connected directly to the think - power plant (07).
The central electric (07) Energy and disbribui receives electricity from the batteries to the whole system of drone, and operates from the central computer as well as all other components.
The auxiliary electric motor (08) has the function of repressing the air into the compressed air cylinder, increasing the pressure inside.
The compressed air cylinder (10) was actually designed to follow the contour of the centrifugal pump, and is shaped like a sausage, or a kidney. He receives the pressurized air from the centrifugal pump. Distributes compressed air for vertical and horizontal nozzles. From it, the compressed air is distributed to all devices.
The horizontal nozzles (11) and vertical (12) receive the compressed air cylinder through pipes (13).
The bifurcation (15) at the outlet of the cylinder is divided into two outputs, the pipes are horizontal turbines.
The compressed air nozzles, responsible for changing the direction of nature, in situations of hovering in the air, two on each side of the ship, also get compressed air cylinder.
To control the whole system of drone, a computerized central handle it. It consists of a CPU (16) and a monitor (17), but so may be a tablet.
4 - SYSTEM OPERATION OF DRONE (Image07)
Initially it makes programming script the drone by the person who controls, directly by the computerized system in nature, or via remote control, which will fly guided by GPS. The electric motor receives power from the batteries through, binds and activates the centrifugal pump, sucking air that passes through the perforated cover the carcass of the ship, as shown in the statement of arrows.
The pumped air goes directly into the cylinder, as indicated by arrows (image7). Before that, at the outlet of the centrifugal pump and the inlet of the cylinder, an auxiliary pump delivers more air which is already under pressure, and this increased pressure is entering the cylinder. The auxiliary pump would function pistons from the compressed air system, but certainly not with the same power, but enough to give a good pressure inside the cylinder and cause the ship to rise and fly.
The compressed air cylinder disbribui for all components, starting with the four vertical nozzles, which make the ship rise.
Then the computer system activates the horizontal turbines, causing the ship begins to fly forward , while it gradually reduces the air of vertical turbines, yet the ship get support on the wings, and only operate the turbines horizontal.
The front and rear wings, with the rudder (image12), and the stability of the flight, also direct the ship as one wants, sometimes to the right, left or up and down.
When it reaches the destination, guided by GPS, drone takes the position of landing, while it decreases the intensity in the horizontal nozzles, vertical nozzles are fired, and then nature starts to descend vertically, all controlled by the computer and by the controller, which sees all the 3D camera, high resolution like he was piloting the ship (Image8).
Beyond 3D (20) camera, which rotates at an angle of 90degrees forward and down, the ship has:
The two powerful headlights (21) which also rotate simultaneously with the 3D camera.
Two powerful speakers (22) should be able to make sounds audible at a good distance warnings, such as warnings of impending catastrophies, or guidelines .
The two headsets (23) should have high sensitivity to capture sounds a good distance from the ground as cries for help from someone lost in a forest.
Two landing gear -driven sonar, enable a safe landing.
5 - FUNCTIONS OF NOZZLES NOZZLES AND COMPRESSED AIR
The outlet nozzles of the compressed air, which appear turbines have this format with the purpose of the air is further compressed by this oval receptacle, thus giving more strength in nature to increase the thrust , both for the four vertical turbine (12) as well as for the two horizontal turbine (11).
Compressed air nozzles ( Image9) - In certain situations where the ship has to hover in the air, and there is need to move it slowly forward or backward, or sideways, or turn to the left or right side, is where you come into action air nozzles tablets, which can rotate in all directions.
Also on the drone without wings option , these compressed air nozzles fulfill the function of assisting in the stability of the ship, as well as to direct it, as described below:
The compressed air nozzles (14), two are located on each side of the ship, turning as command issued by the CPU.
  The nozzles are seated on a support attached to the carcass of the ship, and this, in turn, connects with a spherical hollow receptacle where the compressed air comes.
In (image11), with the nozzles on one side of the ship facing backwards on the other side facing forward , the ship will rotate in the opposite direction of the thrust nozzle.
 other maneuvers
- If all nozzles are facing forward, the ship will retreat.
- If all nozzles are turned back, the ship will move.
- If the same occurs with nozzles directed laterally, the ship will also shift in the opposite direction. This maneuver drones or any nature is unprecedented.
6 - ACCESS TO THE INTERIOR OF DRONE
 The drone Account with four hits to your interior, which allow to perform operations such as inspection, supply, and transportation planning. see image11
1- cover (02) of the inlet mouth of the centrifugal pump toward the top end of the housing. Has several holes to allow passage of air sucked into the centrifugal pump.
2 - Door (17) of the trunk of drone, located at the rear. A very usable space in the trunk for carrying small items such as samples, documents, small electronics and even first aid kits and emergency food .
3 - Side door (18) to access the ship's computer.
4 - Side Door (19) access - ace Besides enabling batteries quickly remove the removable battery also can charge the battery pack secured on a common socket as there is a built-in battery charger.
7 - HANDLING THE DRONE
The drone set of wings, front and rear, as well as provide stability in flight, has a suggestion for its maneuverability .
Out instead of traditional flaps of airplanes, they do change direction, either up or down, turn left or right, this project is the proposal:
At the ends of the front and rear wings , there is a moving part that spins up or down , responsible for getting into or out maneuver.
Upper tail rudder is movable, which makes the ship turn right or left will .
In (image12), the ship has the ends of the front and rear wings pointing upwards, which makes the drone down, rotary tiller and turned to the left, which makes the turn to the right. In these maneuvers, the drone is down while turning to the right.
8 - final Thoughts
Certainly there will be challenges, that the whole weight of this set, plus the very structure and housing drone, more equipment, or get this off the ground.
Really, if you just make the assembly based on existing equipment, the unit even get off the ground.
The references I made an electric motor of a bicycle pump, centrifugal pump, etc. , were to make 3D designs.
This is why we have all the equipment to be designed specifically for this project, from the engine, centrifugal pump, air cylinder, the power plant, using lighter and stronger materials possible, for example, carbon fibers .
It is certainly much more complex than it appears, as represented in the drawing not many pieces that are part of the project, such as the system that makes the compressed air nozzles rotate the control device compressed air, particularly on entry and exit the cylinder to maintain constant pressure inside. And a lot still need to be added.
In terms of a conceptual project designed by someone who has no college degree, 3D drawings are representations of an idea, and therefore have not been calculated or scaled, and also exclude specific connections for each function .
For example, at the door of the digital input panel or the battery compartment, did not go into details as to opening their system. So it is with all components. Just find themselves represented, without going into technical details.
This work would be left to the engineers if there are companies who find feasible this project and want to carry on.
Drone without wings Originally conceived the project of drone without wings (image13) , because the disk-shaped constitutes itself into a single wing, with compressed air nozzles to assist in the stability of the ship and maneuvering .
Then I added the wings, which will certainly give more stability to the product and to provide greater economy because a certain speed, would only share in the horizontal turbines. The wings replace the compressed air nozzles in the maneuvers during the flight. However, these are essential when maneuvering the ship hovering in the air .
An interesting option is to add a system of electric energy production ,through of photovoltaic cells using flexible panels, taking advantage of the nature of the format, that provide a good working area for your installation, which increases the autonomy of flight.
In comparison with existing drones, and do everything this does, take off vertically and be controlled remotely via GPS and that makes all maneuvers, and other things, the purpose of this project goes beyond this drone.
Rises like a helicopter but flies like an airplane. That is how it has greater speed than any of the drone quadricoptero type.
Greater flight range, due to its design and incorporation of production of own energy by photovoltaic panels and its propulsion system.
Maneuvering swift and efficient, due to the compressed air nozzles in the side of the device, provided to hover. Has the unprecedented maneuver forward and backward laterally
A cleaner and stripped look without those scary propellers spinning when a drone approaching someone.
I hope experts analyze this conceptual design, and reach the end of their viability.
This matter was also produced in pdf version, available for download.
( This text was translated from Portuguese into English by Google translator. Maybe some words slipped out of context )
Note 15/04/2014- I decided to give a name for the drone I designed. It will be called Bumblebee. Did the English translation made ‹by Google, as translated drone Bumblebee. Looking good, until the drone designed to look like a huge bee. I liked the suggestion, then, from now on, this will be your name.